Showing posts with label Laws and Politics. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Laws and Politics. Show all posts
Q:- In which year was the first five year plan started in India?
-> 4 April 1951...
The launching of the First Five Year Plan in April 1951 initiated a process of planned economic development of the country—aiming not merely at raising the standard of living of the people, but also opening out to them new opportunities for a richer and a more varied life. 
This was sought to be achieved by planning for growth and social justice.
The first five year plan India (1951-1956) had been presented by the then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru in the Indian Parliament on 8th December, 1951. The total plan budget was estimated to be 206.8 billion INR. This amount was allocated to various areas like:-
1) Industry, 2) Social services, 3) Land rehabilitation, 4) Energy and irrigation, 5) Communications and transport, 6) Community and agriculture development.
The target of GDP growth in the first five year plan of India was 2.1% per year and the actual growth of GDP that was achieved had been 3.6% per year. Many irrigation projects were initiated during this period, including the Bhakra Nangal Dam and Hirakud Dam. At the end of the plan period in 1956, five Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) were started as major technical institutions.
This was sought to be achieved by planning for growth and social justice.The first five year plan India (1951-1956) had been presented by the then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru in the Indian Parliament on 8th December, 1951. The total plan budget was estimated to be 206.8 billion INR. This amount was allocated to various areas like:-
1) Industry, 2) Social services, 3) Land rehabilitation, 4) Energy and irrigation, 5) Communications and transport, 6) Community and agriculture development.
The target of GDP growth in the first five year plan of India was 2.1% per year and the actual growth of GDP that was achieved had been 3.6% per year. Many irrigation projects were initiated during this period, including the Bhakra Nangal Dam and Hirakud Dam. At the end of the plan period in 1956, five Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) were started as major technical institutions.
Q:- In which state the three tier 'PANCHAYATI RAJ' system first introduced?
-> Rajasthan...
From the time of Rig-Veda in 1200 B.C evidence of self- governing village bodies called Sabah exist. By the passage of time these village bodies had grown into Panchayats. Panchayat means a council of five persons. This village Panchayat had large powers both judicial and executive. But during the British regime the Panchayati Raj system almost vanished due to the growth of local courts.
Mahatma Gandhi advocated Panchayati Raj, as a decentralized form of Government where each village is responsible for its own governance. He coined the term "Gram Swaraj", which when translated into English means “Independent Village
Republics”. After the Independence of India in 1952 the Community Development Program was the first step in this direction. It was expected to induce transformation in the rural areas with a focus on agriculture. However, it failed to involve the rural masses to take decisions because of excessive bureaucratic control.
The Balwantrai Mehta Committee was then set in 1957 to make recommendations on new structure to be created to involve local people in the development process. The committee recommended the "establishment of an interconnected three-tier organizational structure of democratic decentralization at the village, block and district levels".
This led to the enactment of the Panchayati Raj Acts in various states. Jawaharlal Nehru inaugurated the first generation of Panchayat Raj at “Nagaur in Rajasthan on 2 October 1959”.
-> Rajasthan...
From the time of Rig-Veda in 1200 B.C evidence of self- governing village bodies called Sabah exist. By the passage of time these village bodies had grown into Panchayats. Panchayat means a council of five persons. This village Panchayat had large powers both judicial and executive. But during the British regime the Panchayati Raj system almost vanished due to the growth of local courts.
Mahatma Gandhi advocated Panchayati Raj, as a decentralized form of Government where each village is responsible for its own governance. He coined the term "Gram Swaraj", which when translated into English means “Independent Village
Republics”. After the Independence of India in 1952 the Community Development Program was the first step in this direction. It was expected to induce transformation in the rural areas with a focus on agriculture. However, it failed to involve the rural masses to take decisions because of excessive bureaucratic control.The Balwantrai Mehta Committee was then set in 1957 to make recommendations on new structure to be created to involve local people in the development process. The committee recommended the "establishment of an interconnected three-tier organizational structure of democratic decentralization at the village, block and district levels".
This led to the enactment of the Panchayati Raj Acts in various states. Jawaharlal Nehru inaugurated the first generation of Panchayat Raj at “Nagaur in Rajasthan on 2 October 1959”.
Q:- Who was the founder of Indian National Congress?
-> Sir Allan Octavian Hume...
A. O. Hume was a civil servant in British India. He is called the “father of Indian Ornithology” (branch of zoology that deals with the scientific study of birds). In 1849 he sailed to India and the following year joined the Bengal Civil Service at Etawah in the North-Western Provinces (now called Uttar Pradesh).
Hume retired from the civil service in 1882. In 1883 he wrote an open letter to the graduates of Calcutta University, calling upon them to form their own national political movement. Thus Congress was created to form a platform for civic and political dialogue of educated Indians with the British Raj.
In May 1885, Hume secured the Viceroy's approval to create an "Indian National Union", which would be affiliated with the government and act as a platform to voice Indian public opinion. On 28 December 1885, the Indian National Congress was founded at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay, with 72 delegates. Hume assumed office as the General Secretary, and Womesh Chandra Banerjee of Calcutta was elected President. Besides Hume, two additional British members (both Scottish civil servants) were members of the founding group. The other members were mostly Hindus from the Bombay and Madras Presidencies. The congress was initially a educated and wealthy people’s institution.
The ordinary people of India were not informed or concerned of its existence on the whole, for the Congress never attempted to address the issues of poverty, lack of health care, social oppression and the prejudiced negligence of the people's concerns by British authorities.
Later the demands of INC became more radical in the face of constant opposition from the government, and the party became very active in the independence movement. Before the Gandhi Era came leaders like Bal Gan
gadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Mohammed Ali Jinnah all starting with the first legendary icon of Indians: Dadabhai Naoroji, the president of the National Association and later Member of Parliament in the British House of Commons, the first Indian to win a seat there.
By 1907 the party was split into two halves: the Garam Dal of Bal Gangadhar Tilak, or Extremists, and the Naram Dal of Gopal Krishna Gokhale, or Moderates, distinguished by their attitude towards the British.
Mahatma Gandhi's success in defeating the British in Champaran and Kheda gave India its first victory in the struggle for freedom. Indians gained confidence that the Britishers could be let down, and millions of young people from across the country flooded into Congress membership.
-> Sir Allan Octavian Hume...
A. O. Hume was a civil servant in British India. He is called the “father of Indian Ornithology” (branch of zoology that deals with the scientific study of birds). In 1849 he sailed to India and the following year joined the Bengal Civil Service at Etawah in the North-Western Provinces (now called Uttar Pradesh).
Hume retired from the civil service in 1882. In 1883 he wrote an open letter to the graduates of Calcutta University, calling upon them to form their own national political movement. Thus Congress was created to form a platform for civic and political dialogue of educated Indians with the British Raj.
In May 1885, Hume secured the Viceroy's approval to create an "Indian National Union", which would be affiliated with the government and act as a platform to voice Indian public opinion. On 28 December 1885, the Indian National Congress was founded at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay, with 72 delegates. Hume assumed office as the General Secretary, and Womesh Chandra Banerjee of Calcutta was elected President. Besides Hume, two additional British members (both Scottish civil servants) were members of the founding group. The other members were mostly Hindus from the Bombay and Madras Presidencies. The congress was initially a educated and wealthy people’s institution.
The ordinary people of India were not informed or concerned of its existence on the whole, for the Congress never attempted to address the issues of poverty, lack of health care, social oppression and the prejudiced negligence of the people's concerns by British authorities.
Later the demands of INC became more radical in the face of constant opposition from the government, and the party became very active in the independence movement. Before the Gandhi Era came leaders like Bal Gan
gadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Mohammed Ali Jinnah all starting with the first legendary icon of Indians: Dadabhai Naoroji, the president of the National Association and later Member of Parliament in the British House of Commons, the first Indian to win a seat there.By 1907 the party was split into two halves: the Garam Dal of Bal Gangadhar Tilak, or Extremists, and the Naram Dal of Gopal Krishna Gokhale, or Moderates, distinguished by their attitude towards the British.
Mahatma Gandhi's success in defeating the British in Champaran and Kheda gave India its first victory in the struggle for freedom. Indians gained confidence that the Britishers could be let down, and millions of young people from across the country flooded into Congress membership.
Q:- How is the President of India selected?
-> President of India is selected by the elected members of LokSabha, RajyaSabha and the elected members of State Legislative Assembly...
Article 52 of the Constitution of India states that there shall be a President of India. In Indian Parliamentary democracy the President of India is the first citizen and represents the Indian nation and does not, therefore, belong to any particular political party. He is elected by the representatives of the people through an Electoral College.
Thus in the election of the President the citizens play no direct part and he is elected indirectly by the representatives or the people. The election of president is by single transferable vote system. The single transferable vote system is designed to ensure more diverse representation, by reducing the opportunity for blocks of voters to dominate minorities. The general principle is that the total votes cast by Members of Parliament equal the total votes cast by Legislators. Also, legislators from larger states cast more votes than those from smaller states. Finally, the number of legislators in a state matters. If a state has a few legislators, then each legislator has relatively more votes; if a state has many legislators, then each legislator has fewer votes.
The process of election of the President of India is original and no other Constitution contains a similar procedure. If no candidate receives a majority of votes there is a system by which losing candidates are eliminated from the contest and votes for them transferred to other candidates, until one gain a majority.
Q:- Who was the first women governor of an Indian state ?
-> Sarojini Naidu...
Sorojini Naidu was the first women governor of Uttarpradesh in free India. She was also the first women to be elected as a president of 'Indian National Congress' in 1925. Famously known as Bharatiya Kokila (The Nightingale of India), Sarojini Naidu was born on February 13, 1879 in Hyderabad. She was the eldest daughter of Aghornath Chattopadhyaya and Barada Sundari Devi. Her Father was a scientist and philosopher and mother was a poetess.
She was fluent in Urdu, Telugu, English, Bengali, and Persian. She studied at the Madras University, before moving to England to study. At the age of 15 she met Dr. Muthyala Govindarajulu Naidu and fell in love with him, a non-brahamin and a doctor by profession. After finishing her studies at the age of 19, she married him during the time when inter-caste marriages were not allowed. It was a revolutionary step but Sarojini's father fully supported her in her endeavour.
The partition of Bengal in 1905 drew her to join the Indian freedom struggle. She traveled from state to state, city after city and asked for the rights of the women. She re-established self-esteem within the women of India. Sarojini Naidu was a distinguished poet, renowned freedom fighter and one of the great orators of her time.
She passed away on March 2, 1949 in Allahabad.
-> Sarojini Naidu...
Sorojini Naidu was the first women governor of Uttarpradesh in free India. She was also the first women to be elected as a president of 'Indian National Congress' in 1925. Famously known as Bharatiya Kokila (The Nightingale of India), Sarojini Naidu was born on February 13, 1879 in Hyderabad. She was the eldest daughter of Aghornath Chattopadhyaya and Barada Sundari Devi. Her Father was a scientist and philosopher and mother was a poetess.
She was fluent in Urdu, Telugu, English, Bengali, and Persian. She studied at the Madras University, before moving to England to study. At the age of 15 she met Dr. Muthyala Govindarajulu Naidu and fell in love with him, a non-brahamin and a doctor by profession. After finishing her studies at the age of 19, she married him during the time when inter-caste marriages were not allowed. It was a revolutionary step but Sarojini's father fully supported her in her endeavour.
The partition of Bengal in 1905 drew her to join the Indian freedom struggle. She traveled from state to state, city after city and asked for the rights of the women. She re-established self-esteem within the women of India. Sarojini Naidu was a distinguished poet, renowned freedom fighter and one of the great orators of her time.
She passed away on March 2, 1949 in Allahabad.
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