Showing posts with label Science and technology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Science and technology. Show all posts
Q:- Who invented the Gyroscope and when?
-> G.C. Bohmenberger in about 1810...
The first gyroscope was devised by a German, G.C. Bohmenberger but it was named by a French physicist Leon Foucault in 1852. Foucault used the device to demonstrate the rotation of Earth.
The name has its origin from the two Greek word: gyros means 'turn or revolution'; an skopein means to 'view'. Therefore gyroscope means ,''to view the turning".
The instrument is based on the same principle as that of the spinning top. A gyroscope basically has a heavy wheel. Most of its weight is concentrated in the rim. This gives the wheel a large moment of inertia. It resists attempts to change its position. If an attempt is made to tilt its it will start moving in another direction in a circle. This is known as precision.
The main application of gyroscope is in airplanes and ships. Ordinary compasses rely on Earth's magnetic field to point out the right direction. But Earth's magnetism varies from place to place. Hence the magnetic compasses are not fully reliable and extremely misleading towards the north and south poles. Here gyroscope serves a useful purpose as it is not affected by Earth's magnetism.
As the axis of gyroscope is set to point to Earth's geographical north pole no matter what direction the ship takes, helps the navigator to set the ship's course accurately by the axis.
It will be interesting to know that when a tip of gyroscope is set spinning it can be balanced on a pencil point and will not fall as long as it spins fast enough.. It wheel's axis points continuously in the direction it is first set at.
Here is a video to demonstrate the principle of gyroscope:-
-> G.C. Bohmenberger in about 1810...
The first gyroscope was devised by a German, G.C. Bohmenberger but it was named by a French physicist Leon Foucault in 1852. Foucault used the device to demonstrate the rotation of Earth.
The name has its origin from the two Greek word: gyros means 'turn or revolution'; an skopein means to 'view'. Therefore gyroscope means ,''to view the turning".
The instrument is based on the same principle as that of the spinning top. A gyroscope basically has a heavy wheel. Most of its weight is concentrated in the rim. This gives the wheel a large moment of inertia. It resists attempts to change its position. If an attempt is made to tilt its it will start moving in another direction in a circle. This is known as precision.
The main application of gyroscope is in airplanes and ships. Ordinary compasses rely on Earth's magnetic field to point out the right direction. But Earth's magnetism varies from place to place. Hence the magnetic compasses are not fully reliable and extremely misleading towards the north and south poles. Here gyroscope serves a useful purpose as it is not affected by Earth's magnetism.
As the axis of gyroscope is set to point to Earth's geographical north pole no matter what direction the ship takes, helps the navigator to set the ship's course accurately by the axis.
It will be interesting to know that when a tip of gyroscope is set spinning it can be balanced on a pencil point and will not fall as long as it spins fast enough.. It wheel's axis points continuously in the direction it is first set at.
Here is a video to demonstrate the principle of gyroscope:-
Q:- Who created Orkut?
-> Orkut Büyükkökten...
Most of us Know what orkut is. But to start with it is a social networking service owned and operated by google. The service is dedicated to make relationships and increase human network.
A guy lost his girlfriend in a train accident... but the gal's name nowhere appeared in the dead list.
This guy grew up and became IT technical architect in his late 20's, achievement in itself!! He hired developers from the whole globe and plan to make a software where he could search for his girlfriend through the web...
Things went as planned... and he found her, after losing millions of dollars and 3 long years!!
It was time to shut down the search operation, when the CEO of Google had a word with this guy and took over this application. This Software made a whopping 1 billion dollars profit in its first year, which we today know as ORKUT. Named after Orkut Büyükkökten, a Google employee...
Orkut was launched on January 22, 2004 by Google as independent project of
Orkut Büyükkökten, a Turkish software engineer. The community membership was originally by invitation only. At first year, United States had the largest user base. Brazilians began adopting
and inviting more friends, in a viral driven by the blogosphere.
Soon after, Brazil surpassed U.S. in number of users and orkut started becoming heavily popular in Brazil. Americans then started leaving the service and switching to other similar sites such as MySpace and Friendster. This phenomenon was covered by the English blogosphere with some criticism towards Brazilians because they communicate among themselves using their native language Portuguese and not English. In 2007 orkut began attracting large amount of Indians who were not intimidated by the number of Brazilians on the site.Though orkut is less popular in United States than facebook and myspace but it is most visited in Brazil and India.
As of May 2009, 49.83% of Orkut's users are from Brazil, followed by India with 17.51%.
Originally hosted in California, in August 2008 Google announced that Orkut will be fully managed and operated in Brazil, by Google Brazil, in the city of Belo Horizonte.
This was decided due to the large Brazilian user...
-> Orkut Büyükkökten...
Most of us Know what orkut is. But to start with it is a social networking service owned and operated by google. The service is dedicated to make relationships and increase human network.
A guy lost his girlfriend in a train accident... but the gal's name nowhere appeared in the dead list.
This guy grew up and became IT technical architect in his late 20's, achievement in itself!! He hired developers from the whole globe and plan to make a software where he could search for his girlfriend through the web...
Things went as planned... and he found her, after losing millions of dollars and 3 long years!!
It was time to shut down the search operation, when the CEO of Google had a word with this guy and took over this application. This Software made a whopping 1 billion dollars profit in its first year, which we today know as ORKUT. Named after Orkut Büyükkökten, a Google employee...
Orkut was launched on January 22, 2004 by Google as independent project of
Orkut Büyükkökten, a Turkish software engineer. The community membership was originally by invitation only. At first year, United States had the largest user base. Brazilians began adopting
and inviting more friends, in a viral driven by the blogosphere.Soon after, Brazil surpassed U.S. in number of users and orkut started becoming heavily popular in Brazil. Americans then started leaving the service and switching to other similar sites such as MySpace and Friendster. This phenomenon was covered by the English blogosphere with some criticism towards Brazilians because they communicate among themselves using their native language Portuguese and not English. In 2007 orkut began attracting large amount of Indians who were not intimidated by the number of Brazilians on the site.Though orkut is less popular in United States than facebook and myspace but it is most visited in Brazil and India.
As of May 2009, 49.83% of Orkut's users are from Brazil, followed by India with 17.51%.
Originally hosted in California, in August 2008 Google announced that Orkut will be fully managed and operated in Brazil, by Google Brazil, in the city of Belo Horizonte.
This was decided due to the large Brazilian user...
Q:- Who made Google?
-> Sergey Brin and Larry Page....
Larry page a Ph.D student of Stanford university began Google in January in 1996 as a research project. Page focused on the problem of finding out which web pages link to a given page, considering the number and nature of backlinks to be valuable information about that page.The project was nicknamed "BackRub". Sargey Brin also a Ph.D student from Stanford joined Brin to extend his project. The web crawler began exploring the web in March 1996, setting out from Page's own Stanford home page as its only starting point.
Originally the search engine used the Stanford website with the domain google.stanford.edu.
The backlink data that it gathered into a measure of importance for a given web page, Brin and Page developed the PageRank algorithm. Analyzing BackRub's output which, for a given URL, consisted of a list of backlinks ranked by importance it occurred to them that a search engine based on PageRank would produce better results than existing techniques. Page and Brin tested their thesis as part of their studies, and laid the foundation for their search engine.
Sean Anderson (a mate of Larry and Brin) and Larry were in their office, using the whiteboard, trying to think up a good name - something that related
to the indexing of an immense amount of data.Sean verbally suggested the word "googolplex," and Larry responded verbally with the shortened form, "googol" (both words refer to specific large numbers).
Sean was seated at his computer terminal, so he executed a search of the Internet domain name registry database to see if the newly suggested name was still available for registration and use.
Sean made the mistake of searching for the name spelled as "google.com," which he found to be available. Larry liked the name, and within hours he took the step of registering the name "google.com" which refers to the number represented by a 1 followed by one-hundred zeros.
Later with the increasing popularity the word google was added to the dictionary as a verb meaning "to use the Google search engine to obtain information on the Internet."
By the end of 1998, Google had an index of about 60 million pages. The domain google.com was registered on September 15, 1997.
The company's unofficial slogan is "Don't be evil".
Q:- Which was the first computer virus?-> Elk Cloner...
It was written around 1982 by a 15-year-old high school student named Rich Skrenta for Apple II systems.
It was a boot sector virus. Whenever a infected floppy disk was used for booting a computer a copy of the virus was placed in the computer memory. And when a disk was inserted elk cloner would get copied to the disk thus spreading from system to system. In every 50th boot it would display a short poem:-
Elk Cloner: The program with a personality
It will get on all your disks
It will infiltrate your chips
Yes, it's Cloner! It will stick to you like glue
It will modify RAM too Send in the Cloner!
However Elk cloner did not caused any deliberate damage.
A computer virus is a program that in one way or other infects other programs by either modifying or destroying them and it also spreads or propagates or has the potential to do so.
A computer virus has at least the following four characteristics:- 1) It is a set of computer instructions, 2) It is deliberately created, 3) It propagates using host programs, 4) It does undesirable things like causing damage or spoiling the operational mechanism.
There are different types of computer viruses with different objectives but they can be classified into two types:- 1) Resident viruses, 2) Non-resident viruses.
Resident viruses are those which on execution install their code in memory and infect other programs from there. Whereas non-resident viruses do not install themselves in memory but spread when an infected program is run.
There are four distinct phases of infection by a computer virus. They are:-
1) The dormant phase: – In this phase the virus enter into system but does nothing destructive to arise the user suspicion. When one uses the infected at this stage he finds nothing abnormal and continues. This gives the virus a chance to go into the next phase of infection.
2) The propagation phase:- In propagation phase virus spreads as far as possible and infects other programs or disks. The virus also spreads into other systems via networking. This is the most damaging phase as the virus spreads from site to site, system to system and the user unknowingly helps in the propagation of virus.
3) Triggering phase: - The third phase or the triggering phase when the virus gets ready for the final act, that is, damaging.
4) The action phase: - Then comes the final stage of action which results in damage of the file.
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